Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewellery may be worn. The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice. Although the history of body piercing is obscured by popular misinformation and by a lack of scholarly reference, ample evidence exists to document that it has been practiced in various forms by both sexes since ancient times throughout the world.
Ear piercing and nose piercing have been particularly widespread and are well represented in historical records and among grave goods. The oldest mummified remains ever discovered were sporting earrings, attesting to the existence of the practice more than 5,000 years ago. Nose piercing is documented as far back as 1500 BC. Piercings of these types have been documented globally, while lip and tongue piercings were historically found in African and American tribal cultures. Nipple and genital piercing have also been practiced by various cultures, with nipple piercing dating back at least to Ancient Rome while genital piercing is described in Ancient India c. 320 to 550 CE. The history of navel piercing is less clear. The practice of body piercing has waxed and waned in Western culture, but it has experienced an increase of popularity since World War II, with sites other than the ears gaining subcultural popularity in the 1970s and spreading to mainstream in the 1990s.
The reasons for piercing or not piercing are varied. Some people pierce for religious or spiritual reasons, while others pierce for selfexpression, for aesthetic value, for sexual pleasure, to conform to their culture or to rebel against it. Some forms of piercing remain controversial, particularly when applied to youth. The display or placement of piercings have been restricted by schools, employers and religious groups. In spite of the controversy, some people have practiced extreme forms of body piercing, with Guinness bestowing World Records on individuals with hundreds and even thousands of permanent and temporary piercings.
Body piercing is an invasive procedure with some risks, including allergic reaction, infection, excessive scarring and unanticipated physical injuries, but such precautions as sanitary piercing procedures and careful aftercare are emphasized to minimize the likelihood of encountering serious problems. The healing time required for a body piercing may vary widely according to placement, from as little as a month for some genital piercings to as much as two full years for the navel.
Body piercing is an invasive procedure with risks. Allergic reaction to the metal in the piercing jewellery, particularly nickel, is common. This risk can be minimized by using high quality jewellery manufactured from titanium or niobium or similar inert metals. Bacterial infections are seldom serious, but 10 to 20 percent of piercings result in local benign bacterial. While rare, infection due to piercing of the tongue can be fatal, it can also cause excess scar tissue, including hypertrophic scar and keloid formation. While piercings can be removed, they may leave a hole, mark or scar. Physical trauma including tearing, friction or bumping of the piercing site, may cause edema and delay healing. The risks can be minimized by wearing properly sized jewellery and not changing it unnecessarily, by not touching the piercing more than required for aftercare, and by being conscious of environmental factors such as clothing, that may impact the piercing. Any time you create an opening in the body there is a chance of infection. Going to a questionable piercing shop can put you at risk for tetanus, HIV, hepatitis B and C, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Sometimes, vaginal piercings can lead to bleeding, scarring, or an allergic reaction. Piercing behind the clitoris may interfere with blood flow.
If you’re going to get your navel pierced, you’ll have to deal with potential chronic infection, long healing times, allergies and medical concerns, as well as clothing restrictions and other daily annoyances. Sometimes, jewellery can poke a hole in a condom or dislodge a diaphragm. So it’s a good idea to use extra protection, a backup method or extra condom, when having sex.
It’s normal to have some discharge after you get a piercing. But if that discharge has an unusually colour, say, green or foul smelling, you may have an infection. It is therefore important to consider the disadvantages along with the advantages before you go under the needle.
